{"id":66,"date":"2026-11-11T19:22:46","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T19:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cascadecatalystscom.local\/?page_id=66"},"modified":"2026-11-12T15:45:48","modified_gmt":"2026-11-12T21:45:48","slug":"research-insights","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/?page_id=66","title":{"rendered":"Research &amp; Insights"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-base-background-color has-background\">Interrogate Our Data: The Cascade Research Assistant<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We do not expect you to sift through hundreds of pages of quantum thermodynamics data. Our built-in research assistant is trained directly on our full library of preprint papers. Ask it about our first-principles design framework, our thermodynamic constraints, or how we manage non-equilibrium steady states.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class='mwai-chatbot-container' data-params='{&quot;aiName&quot;:&quot;AI: &quot;,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;User: &quot;,&quot;guestName&quot;:&quot;Guest:&quot;,&quot;textSend&quot;:&quot;Send&quot;,&quot;textClear&quot;:&quot;Clear&quot;,&quot;imageUpload&quot;:false,&quot;fileUpload&quot;:false,&quot;multiUpload&quot;:false,&quot;maxUploads&quot;:1,&quot;fileUploads&quot;:0,&quot;mode&quot;:&quot;chat&quot;,&quot;textInputPlaceholder&quot;:&quot;Type your message...&quot;,&quot;textEmptyHint&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;textInputMaxLength&quot;:512,&quot;textCompliance&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;startSentence&quot;:&quot;Welcome to the Cascade Research Assistant. Ask me any technical or explanatory question about our non-equilibrium steady-state (NESS) architectures, excited-state catalysis models, or specific findings across our 2021\\u20132026 preprint library.&quot;,&quot;localMemory&quot;:true,&quot;themeId&quot;:&quot;chatgpt&quot;,&quot;window&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;iconText&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;iconTextDelay&quot;:5,&quot;iconTextDuration&quot;:0,&quot;iconTextOnce&quot;:&quot;session&quot;,&quot;iconAlt&quot;:&quot;AI Engine Chatbot&quot;,&quot;iconPosition&quot;:&quot;bottom-right&quot;,&quot;centerOpen&quot;:false,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;openDelay&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;iconBubble&quot;:false,&quot;windowAnimation&quot;:&quot;zoom&quot;,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;copyButton&quot;:false,&quot;pdfButton&quot;:false,&quot;headerSubtitle&quot;:&quot;Discuss with&quot;,&quot;containerType&quot;:&quot;osx&quot;,&quot;headerType&quot;:&quot;osx&quot;,&quot;messagesType&quot;:&quot;standard&quot;,&quot;inputType&quot;:&quot;standard&quot;,&quot;footerType&quot;:&quot;standard&quot;}' data-system='{&quot;botId&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;customId&quot;:null,&quot;userData&quot;:null,&quot;sessionId&quot;:null,&quot;restNonce&quot;:null,&quot;contextId&quot;:null,&quot;pluginUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\\\/wp-content\\\/plugins\\\/ai-engine&quot;,&quot;restUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\\\/index.php?rest_route=&quot;,&quot;stream&quot;:true,&quot;debugMode&quot;:false,&quot;eventLogs&quot;:false,&quot;speech_recognition&quot;:false,&quot;speech_synthesis&quot;:false,&quot;typewriter&quot;:false,&quot;crossSite&quot;:false,&quot;texts&quot;:{&quot;Ask me anything!&quot;:&quot;Ask me anything!&quot;,&quot;Jump to the latest message&quot;:&quot;Jump to the latest message&quot;,&quot;Try again&quot;:&quot;Try again&quot;,&quot;Conversation cleared.&quot;:&quot;Conversation cleared.&quot;,&quot;Undo&quot;:&quot;Undo&quot;,&quot;Done!&quot;:&quot;Done!&quot;,&quot;New Chat&quot;:&quot;New Chat&quot;,&quot;No messages yet&quot;:&quot;No messages yet&quot;,&quot;Rename&quot;:&quot;Rename&quot;,&quot;Delete&quot;:&quot;Delete&quot;,&quot;Your text was cut at %d characters.&quot;:&quot;Your text was cut at %d characters.&quot;,&quot;Hold to Talk&quot;:&quot;Hold to Talk&quot;,&quot;Release to Send&quot;:&quot;Release to Send&quot;,&quot;Press Space to talk&quot;:&quot;Press Space to talk&quot;,&quot;Start session to upload images&quot;:&quot;Start session to upload images&quot;,&quot;Usage limit exceeded&quot;:&quot;Usage limit exceeded&quot;,&quot;Connection failed&quot;:&quot;Connection failed&quot;,&quot;Connection failed. Please check your network and try again.&quot;:&quot;Connection failed. Please check your network and try again.&quot;,&quot;Connection lost. Reconnecting...&quot;:&quot;Connection lost. Reconnecting...&quot;,&quot;Connection lost while uploading image. Please try again.&quot;:&quot;Connection lost while uploading image. Please try again.&quot;,&quot;Connection timeout: The server took too long to respond.&quot;:&quot;Connection timeout: The server took too long to respond.&quot;,&quot;Could not start realtime session.&quot;:&quot;Could not start realtime session.&quot;,&quot;An error occurred while starting the realtime session.&quot;:&quot;An error occurred while starting the realtime session.&quot;,&quot;An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again.&quot;:&quot;An error occurred while processing your request. Please try again.&quot;,&quot;An error occurred while committing the stats.&quot;:&quot;An error occurred while committing the stats.&quot;,&quot;An error occurred while committing the discussion.&quot;:&quot;An error occurred while committing the discussion.&quot;,&quot;An error occurred while executing the function.&quot;:&quot;An error occurred while executing the function.&quot;,&quot;Authentication failed: Your session has expired. Please refresh the page.&quot;:&quot;Authentication failed: Your session has expired. Please refresh the page.&quot;,&quot;Error uploading image. Please try again.&quot;:&quot;Error uploading image. Please try again.&quot;,&quot;Failed to access microphone: &quot;:&quot;Failed to access microphone: &quot;,&quot;Failed to access microphone. Please ensure microphone permissions are granted and try again.&quot;:&quot;Failed to access microphone. Please ensure microphone permissions are granted and try again.&quot;,&quot;Failed to establish connection with OpenAI servers. Please try again.&quot;:&quot;Failed to establish connection with OpenAI servers. Please try again.&quot;,&quot;Failed to read image file.&quot;:&quot;Failed to read image file.&quot;,&quot;Failed to send image. Please try again.&quot;:&quot;Failed to send image. Please try again.&quot;,&quot;Failed to upload image.&quot;:&quot;Failed to upload image.&quot;,&quot;Image file size must be less than 20MB.&quot;:&quot;Image file size must be less than 20MB.&quot;,&quot;Internal server error: An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.&quot;:&quot;Internal server error: An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.&quot;,&quot;Invalid API key: Please check your OpenAI API key in settings.&quot;:&quot;Invalid API key: Please check your OpenAI API key in settings.&quot;,&quot;Invalid request: The message format was not recognized by the server.&quot;:&quot;Invalid request: The message format was not recognized by the server.&quot;,&quot;MediaDevices API not available. Please ensure you are using HTTPS and a modern browser.&quot;:&quot;MediaDevices API not available. Please ensure you are using HTTPS and a modern browser.&quot;,&quot;Model overloaded: The AI model is currently experiencing high demand.&quot;:&quot;Model overloaded: The AI model is currently experiencing high demand.&quot;,&quot;Network error: Failed to establish connection to the AI service.&quot;:&quot;Network error: Failed to establish connection to the AI service.&quot;,&quot;Please select an image file.&quot;:&quot;Please select an image file.&quot;,&quot;Please start a session before uploading images.&quot;:&quot;Please start a session before uploading images.&quot;,&quot;Quota exceeded: You have reached your usage limit for this period.&quot;:&quot;Quota exceeded: You have reached your usage limit for this period.&quot;,&quot;Rate limit exceeded: Too many requests. Please try again later.&quot;:&quot;Rate limit exceeded: Too many requests. Please try again later.&quot;,&quot;Service unavailable: The AI service is temporarily down for maintenance.&quot;:&quot;Service unavailable: The AI service is temporarily down for maintenance.&quot;},&quot;actions&quot;:[],&quot;blocks&quot;:[],&quot;shortcuts&quot;:[]}' data-theme='{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;internal&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ChatGPT&quot;,&quot;themeId&quot;:&quot;chatgpt&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;:{&quot;accentColor&quot;:&quot;#660be0&quot;,&quot;backgroundPrimaryColor&quot;:&quot;#4c4554&quot;},&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;cssUrl&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\\\/wp-content\\\/plugins\\\/ai-engine\\\/themes\\\/chatgpt.css&quot;}'><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/graphic-2-copy-1024x559.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/graphic-2-copy-1024x559.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/graphic-2-copy-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/graphic-2-copy-768x419.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/graphic-2-copy.jpg 1408w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Proposed solid-state electrical architecture illustrating coherent excited-state migration through a defect pathway network toward a continuous active interface boundary (from Kopylov &amp; Leonard, Nov 2026).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Current Energy Extraction Frontier<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Physical Architectures for Energy Extraction in the Electromagnetic Domain&nbsp;(NOV 2026)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/24136334\" style=\"background-color:#684785\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Access on Zenodo<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Relaxation Framework<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Time as a Design Variable in Energy Conversion: Relaxation Architecture in the Electromagnetic Domain&nbsp;(OCT 2026)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/23642884\" style=\"background-color:#684785\">Access on Zenodo<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The NESS Benchmarks<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Rethinking the Solid State: Benchmarking Non-Equilibrium Steady-State (NESS) Indicators in Quantum Catalysis&nbsp;(OCT 2026)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/23271846\" style=\"background-color:#684785\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Access on Zenodo<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Excited-State Foundations<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Emergent Materials Design and Electronically Excited-State Catalysis&nbsp;(JAN 2026)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/18115403\" style=\"background-color:#684785\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Access on Zenodo<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The &#8220;Smart Matter&#8221; Paradigm<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Can Smart Matter Be Modeled by Design? Turning Passive Solids to Active Systems&nbsp;(DEC 2025)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/17791532\" style=\"background-color:#684785\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Access on Zenodo<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Foundational Genesis<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>New Materials Design Using Excitonic Quantum Effects: Applications for Fuel Cells, Catalysts, Superconductive and Bioactive Materials&nbsp;(JUN 2021)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/chemrxiv.org\/doi\/full\/10.26434\/chemrxiv.14755380.v1\" style=\"background-color:#684785\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Access on ChemRxiv<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Strategic Project Briefs<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rethinking-Carbon-waste-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rethinking Carbon-Rich Waste Streams in British Columbia (Project Brief)<\/a>*<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/The-Promise-And-Practicality-Of-An-Excitonic-Image-Of-The-Planet.doc-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Promise and Practicality of an Excitonic Image of the Planet (Project Brief)<\/a>*<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Explanatory Articles &amp; Insights<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/The-Thermodynamic-Shell-Game-Why-AI-Hallucination-Is-Bad-Computational-Physics-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Thermodynamic Shell Game: Why AI \u201cHallucination\u201d Is Bad Computational Physics (OCT 2026)<\/a>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Whom-Does-the-Abstraction-Serve-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Whom Does the Abstraction Serve? (OCT 2026)<\/a>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/water-problem-isnt-paul-leonard-nuvuc\/?trackingId=MX9muCeAQaCcwZ7CPCl0EQ%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/The-Water-Problem-That-Isnt-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he Water Problem That Isn\u2019t (OCT 2026)<\/a>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Moving-From-Discovery-to-Design-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moving From Discovery to Design: The Game-Changing Implications for Technology and You (SEP 2024)<\/a>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Either-And-Power-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Either-And Power: Designing Innovation With a Goal and a Plan (AUG 2026)<\/a>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Energy-Materials-Time-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy, Materials &amp; Time: Temporal Geometry and Exergy Persistence in Functional Materials (AUG 2026)<\/a>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Doughnuts-to-Dollars.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Doughnuts To Dollars (APR 2026)*<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Flipping-Entropy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flipping Entropy (APR 2026)<\/a>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Making-Materials-That-Do-Things.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Making Materials That Do Things: How Active Materials, Excitonic Quantum Effects, and Excited-State Catalysis Could Expand Human Capability (JUN 2026)<\/a>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Energy-Scale-and-Infrastructure-Expanding-the-Design-Space-of-Complex-Systems.docx-copy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy, Scale and Infrastructure (MAR 2026)*<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/The-Goldilocks-Leap-copy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Goldilocks Leap: Mimicking Nature\u2019s High-Tech at Ambient Conditions (APR 2025)<\/a>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/The-Straight-Line-Elephants-Dont-Hang-Around-Flagpoles.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Straight Line: Elephants Don\u2019t Hang Around Flagpoles (MAY 2025)<\/a>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/breaking-chains-scarcity-how-quantum-diagnostics-could-paul-leonard-gnigc\/?trackingId=CT8T10XyQhStyFr0NGoAQw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Breaking the Chains of Scarcity: How Quantum Diagnostics Could Revolutionize Healthcare, Earth Sciences, and Space Exploration (JAN 2025)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/unveiling-our-own-area-51-harnessing-quantum-effect-catalyst-leonard-tsqrc\/?trackingId=%2FFub9gujSJe2QfV%2FQPMFJQ%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Unveiling Our Own Area 51: Harnessing Quantum-Effect Catalyst Technology for Liberty and Progress (NOV 2024)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-base-3-color has-contrast-2-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-1\">From Quantum Theory to Physical Hardware<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"756\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_3517-2-1024x756.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-187\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_3517-2-1024x756.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_3517-2-300x222.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_3517-2-768x567.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_3517-2.jpeg 1032w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><em>PGM-free three-way redox catalyst monolith mounted in custom flanged test housing<\/em><\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_1121-2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_1121-2.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_1121-2-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_1121-2-768x576.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><em>Custom exhaust retrofit jig and TIG welding assembly for real-world three-way catalyst validation.<\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"459\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_2409-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_2409-2.png 459w, https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_2409-2-300x170.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 459px) 100vw, 459px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><em>Cascade CTO Prof. Vladimir B. Kopylov in the synthesis and characterization lab<\/em><\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"474\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_2712-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_2712-2.png 474w, https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_2712-2-300x273.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><em>Industrial rotary kiln for continuous activated carbon production from waste, no NOx emissions<\/em><\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u203a\u203a\u203a\u203a\u203a\u203a\u203a\u203a\u203a\u203a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Interrogate Our Data: The Cascade Research Assistant We do not expect you to sift through hundreds of pages of quantum thermodynamics data. Our built-in research assistant is trained directly on our full library of preprint papers. Ask it about our first-principles design framework, our thermodynamic constraints, or how we manage non-equilibrium steady states. The Current &#8230; <a title=\"Research &amp; Insights\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/?page_id=66\" aria-label=\"Read more about Research &amp; Insights\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-66","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/66","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=66"}],"version-history":[{"count":37,"href":"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/66\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":241,"href":"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/66\/revisions\/241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cascadecatalysts.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=66"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}